Initial Operational Capability(IOC)
The first attainment of the capability to effectively employ a new weapon system, equipment, or platform in an operational context.
Overview
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) marks the milestone when a system, platform, or capability has been sufficiently developed, tested, and fielded to be employed in operational missions. It does not require full production or deployment—rather, it signifies that a minimum useful capability is in the hands of operational users.
Why It Matters in GovCon
IOC is a critical acquisition milestone that drives contract timelines, funding decisions, and performance evaluations. Contractors supporting systems approaching IOC face intense scrutiny on delivery schedules, testing outcomes, and training readiness. Missing IOC targets can trigger program reviews and funding impacts.
Key Details
- DoD Milestone: IOC typically follows Milestone C (production and deployment decision) in the Defense Acquisition Framework.
- Criteria: IOC is declared when trained personnel, equipment, and support are in place for minimum operational use.
- FOC Follows: Full Operational Capability (FOC) is achieved when the system is fully deployed and operational across all planned units.
- Testing: Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E) results inform the IOC declaration.
- Congressional Reporting: Major programs must report IOC dates in Selected Acquisition Reports (SARs).
Related Terms
- Full Operational Capability (FOC)
- Milestone Decision Authority (MDA)
- Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E)
- Selected Acquisition Report (SAR)
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