Concept of Operations(CONOPS)
A document describing how a system or capability will be used from the user's perspective, defining roles, workflows, and operational scenarios.
Overview
A Concept of Operations (CONOPS) is a user-oriented document that describes how a proposed system or capability will function in its intended operational environment. It bridges the gap between high-level mission needs and detailed technical requirements by describing operational scenarios, user roles, workflows, and the interactions between people, processes, and technology.
Why It Matters in GovCon
CONOPS documents shape the requirements that flow into solicitations and contracts. Contractors who understand the CONOPS can write more responsive proposals because they grasp not just what the government wants built, but how it will be used operationally. For systems integrators, the CONOPS often becomes the foundation for developing use cases and test scenarios.
Key Details
- Purpose: Communicates the intended operational use of a system to stakeholders, developers, and decision-makers before detailed design begins.
- Content: Typically includes mission context, operational scenarios, user roles, system interfaces, constraints, and transition plans.
- Standards: IEEE 1362 provides a standard format for CONOPS documents.
- Lifecycle: Usually developed during the early acquisition phases (Material Solution Analysis or Technology Maturation).
- Deliverable: May be required as a CDRL in defense contracts, particularly for ACAT I/II programs.
Related Terms
- Requirements Document
- Systems Engineering
- Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL)
- Statement of Work (SOW)
More Acquisition Terms
A payment method where the government transfers funds electronically to contractor bank accounts.
A 1994 law that simplified federal procurement by raising thresholds, reducing paperwork, and promoting commercial item acquisition.
The predecessor to SAM.gov; the legacy system where federal solicitations were posted (replaced by beta.SAM.gov).
A formal review gate in the acquisition process where senior leadership decides whether a program may proceed to the next phase, requires changes, or should be terminated.
Written narrative responses that describe a candidate or contractor capability in specific areas, historically used in federal hiring and some proposal evaluations.
Goods and services used to maintain, repair, and operate facilities and equipment — a major category of government procurement.
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