Technology Readiness Level(TRL)
A scale from 1 to 9 used to assess the maturity of a technology, from basic research to proven operational use.
Overview
Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is a scale developed by NASA and adopted by DoD and other agencies to measure the maturity of a technology. TRL 1 represents basic research; TRL 9 means the technology has been proven in operational use. TRLs help agencies assess risk, plan acquisition strategy, and evaluate proposals for R&D and technology programs.
Why It Matters in GovCon
R&D solicitations often specify TRL requirements — e.g., "mature from TRL 4 to TRL 6." Proposals must demonstrate where your technology sits on the scale and how you will advance it. Understanding TRLs helps you position for SBIR, STTR, and other technology-focused opportunities. TRLs also inform contract type selection and risk allocation.
Key Details
- Scale: TRL 1 (basic principles) to TRL 9 (flight/proven operational).
- TRL 4–6: "Valley of Death" — technology validated in lab (4), relevant environment (5), demonstration (6).
- DoD Use: Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) uses TRLs for major programs.
- Proposal Impact: R&D proposals often include TRL assessment and maturation plans.
- Risk: Lower TRLs imply higher technical risk and may warrant cost-reimbursement contract types.
Related Terms
- Research and Development (R&D)
- Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
- Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)
- Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF)
More Acquisition Terms
A payment method where the government transfers funds electronically to contractor bank accounts.
A 1994 law that simplified federal procurement by raising thresholds, reducing paperwork, and promoting commercial item acquisition.
The predecessor to SAM.gov; the legacy system where federal solicitations were posted (replaced by beta.SAM.gov).
A formal review gate in the acquisition process where senior leadership decides whether a program may proceed to the next phase, requires changes, or should be terminated.
Written narrative responses that describe a candidate or contractor capability in specific areas, historically used in federal hiring and some proposal evaluations.
Goods and services used to maintain, repair, and operate facilities and equipment — a major category of government procurement.
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